Table 1 Participants characteristics

Arthrometric marker

Age (years)

73.05 ± 5.12

72.91 ± 5.06

73.16 ± 5.17

Weight (kg)

60.22 ± 1.11

65.41 ± 9.48

56.33 ± 8.73

BMI (kg/m²)

24.09 ± 3.17

23.76 ± 2.95

24.34 ± 3.31

Education level (n,%)

≤ Middle school

4,241 (70.7)

1,456 (56.0)

2,785 (81.8)

High school

1083 (18.0)

673 (25.9)

410 (12.0)

≥ College

601 (10.0)

434 (16.7)

167 (4.9)

No response

79 (1.3)

35 (1.4)

44 (1.3)

Marital status (n,%)

Married/live together

4,005 (66.7)

2,261 (87.0)

1,744 (51.2)

Others ^a

1,953 (32.6)

317 (12.2)

1,636 (48.0)

No response

46 (0.7)

20 (0.8)

26 (0.8)

Income (n,%)

High

599 (10)

315 (12.1)

284 (8.3)

Middle

2,624 (43.7)

1,261 (48.6)

1,363 (40.0)

Low

2,749 (45.8)

1,011 (38.9)

1,738 (51.0)

No response

32 (0.5)

11 (0.4)

21 (0.7)

Disease prevalence (n,%)

Hypertension

3,662 (61.0)

1481 (57.0)

2,181 (64.0)

Diabetes mellites

841 (14.0)

400 (15.4)

441 (12.9)

Hyperlipidemia

2,113 (35.2)

696 (26.8)

1,417 (41.6)

Arthritis

1,759 (29.3)

346 (13.3)

1,413 (41.5)

Osteoporosis

1,255 (20.9)

86 (3.3)

1,169 (34.3)

Meeting for PA guideline (n,%)

Aerobic PA

1,745 (29.1)

855 (32.9)

890 (26.1)

Strengthening

1,079 (17.9)

485 (29.1)

322 (9.4)