Skip to main content

Table 2 Summary of Criteria for Item Selection for Remaining Items (Additional Information in Appendix Tables 4A-5E)

From: Selecting PedsQL items to derive the PedsUtil health state classification system to measure health utilities in children

Item Description Problems with…

Age Group

Rasch Criteriab

Other Psychometric Criteriaa,b

Expert and Parent Opinionb

Total Scorec

Mean Item Level Performanced (Range Across Subsamples)

Disordered Thresholds

DIFe

Item Misfit

% Response Ceiling (Never)

% Response Floor (Almost always)

Int. Consistencyf

Best Item – Expertsg

Best Item – Parentsh

p-valuei

Fit Residualj

Spread

Physical Functioningk

Phys2. Running

2-5y

0/3l

–

–

–

2 samples

No DIF

3 samples

91.8%

0.3%

0.62m

0/6

1/6

6-13y

4/5

0.08 (0.004, 0.13)

1.13 (1.09, 1.17)

0.68 (0.64, 0.72)

None

None

1 sample

76.0%

1.8%

0.82

0/6

0/6

14-17y

3/3l

0.06 (0.02, 0.09)

0.70 (0.11, 1.10)

0.63 (0.56, 0.78)

None

No DIF

None

70.6%

2.3%

0.82

0/6

0/3

Phys3. Participating in exercise

2-5y

0/3l

–

–

–

3 samples

No DIF

3 samples

80.5%

0.6%

0.67n

5/6

5/6

6-13y

4/5

0.26 (0.06, 0.63)

0.42 (0.08, 1.16)

0.59 (0.54, 0.64)

1 sample

None

1 sample

73.1%

3.1%

0.86

5/6

6/6

14-17y

3/3l

0.05 (0.02, 0.13)

0.37 (0.002, 0.57)

0.61 (0.50, 0.72)

None

No DIF

None

67.7%

3.5%

0.87

5/6

3/3

Emotional Functioning

Emot1. Feeling afraid or scared

2-5y

4/5

0.16 (0.05, 0.40)

0.90 (0.30, 1.38)

1.10 (0.99, 1.28)

1 sample

No DIF

No misfit

23.0%

0.3%

0.72

3/6

4/6

6-13y

2/5

0.27 (0.08, 0.45)

1.13 (0.86, 1.41)

1.09 (0.96, 1.22)

1 sample

2 samples (Sex)

No misfit

35.8%

0.5%

0.77

0/6

1/6

14-17y

2/5

0.06 (0.005, 0.12)

1.23 (0.85, 1.62)

0.94 (0.76, 1.12)

1 sample

2 samples (Sex)

1 sample

(SHCN statuso

and Sex)

No misfit

53.0%

0.5%

0.78

0/6

0/3

Emot3. Feeling angry

2-5y

4/5

0.51 (0.09, 0.84)

0.72 (0.26, 1.72)

1.57 (1.24, 1.97)

1 sample

1 sample (Sex)

No misfit

12.2%

0.2%

0.67

0/6

0/6

6-13y

1/5

0.25p

1.13

0.97

None

3 samples (Sex)

1 sample

(SHCN status

and Sex)

4 samples

15.4%

0.7%

0.69

0/6

0/6

14-17y

1/5

0.57p

1.50

1.08

None

3 samples (Sex)

1 sample

19.0%

1.0%

0.75

0/6

0/3

Emot5. Worrying

2-5y

4/5

0.05 (0.004, 0.11)

1.26 (0.03, 1.81)

0.99 (0.76, 1.28)

None

No DIF

1 sample

50.9%

0.2%

0.72

1/6

2/6

6-13y

5/5

0.25 (0.04, 0.51)

0.52 (0.38, 0.74)

0.98 (0.75, 1.32)

None

No DIF

No misfit

39.7%

0.9%

0.77

1/6

3/6

14-17y

5/5

0.33 (0.01, 0.68)

1.20 (0.47, 1.69)

0.99 (0.81, 1.12)

None

No DIF

No misfit

36.6%

1.1%

0.81

1/6

2/3

Social Functioning

Soc2. Others not wanting to be friends

2-5y

4/5

0.11 (0.01, 0.36)

1.28 (0.18, 2.23)

1.14 (0.88, 1.34)

1 sample

No DIF

No misfit

46.8%

0.2%

0.75

2/6

3/6

6-13y

4/5

0.24 (0.02, 0.90)

1.17 (0.42, 1.64)

1.25 (0.75, 1.84)

1 sample

1 sample (Sex)

No misfit

43.4%

0.9%

0.78

2/6

1/6

14-17y

3/5

0.17 (0.09, 0.27)

0.65 (0.46, 1.0)

1.04 (0.76, 1.35)

1 sample

2 samples (Sex)

No misfit

51.4%

0.6%

0.80

2/6

1/3

Soc3. Getting teased

2-5y

4/5

0.10 (0.01, 0.27)

1.05 (0.63, 2.15)

1.02 (0.81, 1.18)

1 sample

No DIF

No misfit

60.8%

0.1%

0.68

0/6

0/6

6-13y

1/5

0.22p

0.31

0.92

3 samples

1 sample (SHCN status)

No misfit

42.4%

0.7%

0.76

0/6

0/6

14-17y

2/5

0.57 (0.44, 0.70)

0.43 (0.01, 0.86)

0.87 (0.77, 0.97)

2 samples

1 sample (Sex)

No misfit

54.0%

0.6%

0.77

0/6

0/3

School Functioning

School3. Keeping up with schoolwork

2-5y

Only item included – Rasch analysis not performedq

62.5%

2.6%

N/A

6/6

6/6

6-13y

0/5

–

–

–

3 samples

5 samples (Sex)

No misfit

39.2%

5.0%

0.89

6/6

6/6

14-17y

4/5

0.83 (0.76, 0.87)

0.44 (0.34, 0.60)

1.13 (1.08, 1.22)

1 sample

1 sample (Sex)

No misfit

26.5%

5.4%

0.89

6/6

3/3

School Absence

SchAbs1. Missing school because sick

2-5yr

2/5

0.15 (0.10, 0.19)

0.37 (0.17, 0.57)

2.08 (1.86, 2.30)

1 sample

2 samples (SHCN status)

No misfit

58.2%

0.1%

0.91

6/6

6/6

6-13y

4/5

0.06 (0.01, 0.15)

0.53 (0.33, 0.73)

1.67 (1.10, 2.03)

None

No DIF

1 sample

47.0%

0.3%

0.90

6/6

6/6

14-17y

3/5

0.04 (0.02, 0.06)

0.09 (0.02, 0.16)

1.22 (1.14, 1.32)

None

No DIF

2 samples

38.3%

1.2%

0.91

6/6

3/3

  1. Abbreviations: DIF differential item functioning, Emot Emotional Functioning, Int. Consistency internal consistency, N/A not applicable, Phys Physical Functioning, SCHN special healthcare needs, SchAbs School Absence, School School Functioning, Soc Social Functioning, y years
  2. aPsychometric criteria were assessed using the full LSAC sample (n = 45,207) rather than using just the Rasch analysis subsamples
  3. bResults from Rasch analyses for all items shown in Appendix Tables 4A-4F and psychometric analysis and expert and parent opinion for all items shown in Appendix Tables 5A-5E
  4. cTotal score = number of subsamples item performed well on all Rasch criteria (out of five subsamples)
  5. dMean item level performance calculated using only the subsamples that the item performed well on all Rasch criteria
  6. eA p-value < 0.05 (with Bonferroni adjustment) was used to determine presence of DIF
  7. fCorrelation of item score with dimension score for dimensions identified for the PedsUtil HSCS (i.e., Spearman’s correlation coefficient)
  8. gNumber of experts (out of n = 6) that chose an item as the best item to represent this dimension
  9. hNumber of parents that chose an item as the best item to represent this dimension. There were n = 6 parents with children 2–5 years old, n = 6 parents with children 6–13 years old, and n = 3 parents for children 14–17 years old (n = 12 parents but some parents had children in different age groups so total adds up to more than 12)
  10. ip-value for the individual item \({\chi }^{2}\) statistics
  11. jFit residuals may be positive or negative, thus absolute value of the fit residuals reported in the table
  12. kResults from supplemental Rasch analyses shown in table
  13. lInsufficient sample size to obtain five subsamples so only three subsamples were created for supplemental analyses
  14. mCorrelation of Phys2 with Physical Functioning dimension if the dimension included only three items (Phys1-Phys3) was 0.86 for age group 2–5 years, 0.93 for age group 6–13 years, and 0.92 for age group 14–17 years
  15. nCorrelation of Phys3 with Physical Functioning dimension if the dimension included only three items (Phys1-Phys3) was 0.83 for age group 2–5 years, 0.91 for age group 6–13 years, and 0.91 for age group 14–17 years
  16. oSpecial healthcare needs status defined as children with special healthcare needs or typically functioning children
  17. pOnly one subsample performed well on all Rasch criteria, thus no range reported in table
  18. qSchool3 is only item included in the PedsQL for this dimension for this age group, thus Rasch analysis was not performed
  19. rSchool Absence items were not asked for children aged 2–3 years in the LSAC, thus results reflect responses for children aged 4–5 years
Back to article page

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

ISSN: 1477-7525

Contact us