Fig. 6

Main total causal effects and global quality of life. Main total causal influences and global quality of life. Variables with the greatest total causal effects on global quality of life, as demonstrated in the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) and Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Models (LiNGAM). Global quality of life with reference to 6a: diagx2_2d; type of cancer diagnosis (lung or colorectal cancer versus other cancers), 6b: disease stage, 6c: sex, 6d: NV; nausea and vomiting, 6e: SF; social functioning. Figure 6 includes diagnosis, stage and sex from DAG, and diagnosis, NV and SF from LiNGAM