Perceptions of adults with type 1 diabetes toward diabetes-specific quality of life measures: a survey-based qualitative exploration

Table 2 Sample characteristics of the final eligible sample and non-responders

Variable	Respondents (N = 384)		Non-respondents (N = 1194)
Demographic	n		n
Currently live: UK	384	216 (56)**	1194	923 (77)
Sex: female	384	271 (71)	1194	865 (72)
Age, years	384	46.0 ± 15.2** 46.0 (33.0, 59.0)	1194	40.2 ± 14.8 40.0 (27.0, 52.0)
Birth country: outside of UK/Aus	384	34 (9)	1194	55 (5)
Main Language: English	384	380 (99)	1194	1184 (99)
Education: University degree	383	197 (51)**	1194	328 (27)
Clinical characteristics	n		n
Diabetes duration, years	384	25.5 ± 15.3** 24.0 (13.3, 36.8)	1194	20.2 ± 14.1 17.5 (9.0, 30.0)
Insulin administration: pump	384	132 (34)*	1194	346 (29)
Glucose monitoring: Flash or CGM device	378	89 (24)**	1175	181 (15)
HbA1c (in past 12 months), %	324	7.7 ± 1.4* 7.4 (6.9,8.2)	781	8.0 ± 1.8 7.7 (7.0, 8.9)
Complications of diabetes: ≥1	384	190 (49)*	1193	528 (44)
Diabetes-specific QoL measures	n		n
Number attempted (max: 5)	384	5 (5,5)**	1194	5 (3,5)
Number with feedback (max: 5)	384	1 (1,2)	-	-
Total scores
ADDQOL-19 (range: -9-+3)^a	367	-2.9 ± 2.3* -2.4 (-4.3,-1.0)	988	-3.2 ± 2.1 -3.0 (-4.7, -1.5)
DCP (range: 1–5)^b	364	2.7 ± 0.9** 2.8 (2.1, 3.4)	984	2.9 ± 0.8 3.0 (2.3, 3.5)
DIDP (range: 1–7)^b	362	5.0 ± 0.9 5 (4.4, 5.7)	969	5.1 ± 0.9 5 (4.6,5.6)
DSQoLS (range: 0-100)^a	338	56.9 ± 23.3** 57.4 (39.9, 74.8)	895	51.0 ± 23.3 50.9 (32.6, 68.8)
Diabetes QOL-Q (range: 1–5)^a	358	3.3 ± 0.9* 3.4 (2.7, 4.1)	943	3.2 ± 0.9 3.2 (2.6, 3.8)

Data are n(%), Mean ± SD or Median(lower quartile, upper quartile)
**p < 0.001, * p < 0.05, where comparisons are made between the sample who did/did not provide ≥ 1 valid qualitative response across diabetes-specific QoL questionnaires. Comparisons suggest, compared to non-respondents, respondents were: less likely to live in the UK, older, with longer diabetes durations and slightly higher HbA1c, more likely to report university level education, diabetes-related complications, insulin pump use and flash of continuous glucose monitor use, and reported less negative impact of diabetes on QoL across four of the five questionnaires
^aHigher scores indicate less negative/more positive impact of diabetes on QoL
^bHigher scores indicate more negative/less positive impact of diabetes on QoL

ISSN: 1477-7525