Table 4 Characteristics of the included instruments
PROMs for use in adults | PROMs for use in children | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sinonasal Outcome Test-16 (SNOT-16) | Measurement of Acute Rhinosinusitis (MARS) | Rhinosinusitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RhinoQoL) | Pediatric Rhinosinusitis Symptom Scale (PRSS) | Sinus Symptom Questionnaire (S5) | |
Construct | Quality of life (including symptoms) | Quality of life (including symptoms) | Quality of life (including symptoms) | Symptoms | Symptoms |
Target population | Adult patients with acute or chronic rhinosinusitis | Adult patients with acute rhinosinusitis | Adult patients with acute or chronic rhinosinusitis | Young children (2–12 years) with acute rhinosinusitis ◊ Parents (proxy-reported outcome measure) | Children with acute rhinosinusitis ◊ Parents (proxy-reported outcome measure) |
Recall period | 2 weeks | Present (?) | 7 days | 24 h | Last few days |
(Sub)scales (number of items) | 0 subscales (16 items) | 0 subscales (13 items) | 3 subscales (Symptom frequency, symptom bothersomeness, symptom impact); 14 items | 0 subscales (8 items) | 0 subscales (5 items) |
Response options and range of scores/scoring | 0 to 3 (no problem; mild problem; moderate problem; severe problem); score 0–48 (sum of all items) | 0 to 3 (no problem; mild problem; moderate problem; severe problem); score 0–39 (sum of all items) | Various response options: yes/no, 1 to 5 (none of the time, a little of the time, some of the time, most of the time, all of the time), 0 (not bothered at all) to 10 (bothered a lot) | no, almost none, a little, some, a lot, an extreme amount; scoring not reported | Item A-D: 0 to 3 (not present; small problem; medium problem; large problem) and don’t know; Item E: 0 (none, clear), 3 (yellow, green), don’t know; score 0–15 (sum of all items) |
Available translations | English + 90 translations (including German) | Czech + English | English, German, French, Persian | English | English |