Table 3 Factor loadings of the Chinese version of IWQOL-Lite items to factors (N = 1,000)

Physical function

 Picking up objects

0.864

 Tying shoes

0.825

 Getting up from chairs

0.869

 Using stairs

0.616

 Dressing

0.805

 Mobility

0.793

 Crossing legs

0.836

 Feel short of breath

0.811

 Painful stiff joints

0.859

 Swollen ankles/legs

0.873

 Worried about health

0.848

Self-esteem

 Self-conscious

0.765

 Self-esteem not what it could be

0.859

 Unsure of self

0.835

 Do not like myself

0.874

 Afraid of rejection

0.856

 Avoid looking in mirrors

0.852

 Embarrassed in public

0.849

Sexual life

 Do not enjoy sexual activity

0.865

 Little sexual desire

0.856

 Difficult with sexual performance

0.867

 Avoid sexual encounters

0.833

Public distress

 Experience ridicule

0.867

 Fitting in public seats

0.879

 Fitting through aisles

0.856

 Worry about finding suitable chairs

0.874

 Experience discrimination

0.882

Work

 Trouble accomplishing things

0.867

 Less productive than could be

0.745

 Do not receive recognition

0.856

 Afraid to go on interviews

0.827